Essay Dramatic Irony in the Odyssey - 1376 Words

Authors use many literary devices in order to heighten and enhance their works. Dramatic irony, expressions to complementary attitudes understood by the audience but not the characters, can make the emotions stronger in literature. Homer is one of many authors who used this technique well. In The Odyssey, Homer uses dramatic irony in order to enhance the emotional effect of crucial moments in the storyline, especially during the journey of Telemachus, the initial return of Odysseus, and the restoration of Odysseus to his rightful place in the kingdom. During Telemachus’ journey to find his father, Homer includes dramatic irony through Athena’s relationship to the situation which creates a confused mood. After being prompted by Athena,†¦show more content†¦Dramatic irony also emphasizes a dolent mood during the return of Telemachus from his journey. When Odysseus returns home to Ithaca, Athena goes to Telemachus to retrieve him from Sparta. Athena says, â€Å"Y ou must take leave of Menelaos, if you want to find your dear mother still in your house; for her father and brothers are urging her to marry Eurymachos† (169). Athena tells Telemachus that his mother is going to marry Eurymachos. Athena does this as if she is fishing and the story about Telemachus’ mother is the bait; Telemachus is very intrigued by the bait and goes after it, falling into Athena’s well-thought out trap. The reader knows that the reason Athena wants Telemachus to come back is because Odysseus is soon arriving in Ithaca; therefore, dramatic irony is created when Telemachus is never let in on this information that the reader now knows. Homer uses Athena to create dramatic irony to get Telemachus to rush home to stop the marriage, because if Telemachus was told the truth he might not be a eager to get home, since his father had been away for so much of his life. Homer wanted the audience to know more so that they were not confused about Telemachusà ¢â‚¬â„¢ mother getting married for it was a lie. This created a dolent mood because the reader realizes the absence of truth in Athena’s message. The lack of truths make the reader feel sorrowful that Telemachus does not know the truthShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey literary elements823 Words   |  4 PagesMullick Mr.Finken Honors English I April 3, 2014 Irony creating elements of surprise Irony is often used by authors to create an element of surprise or humor and to increase and enhance their work. Homer, author of The Odyssey, is one of the many authors who use this literary technique well. In The Odyssey, Homer has presented irony to create an element of surprise to the character and to the audience. There a lot of instances throughout The Odyssey where Odysseus is present but the people aroundRead MoreTheme Of Dramatic Irony In Oedipus The King1057 Words   |  5 PagesTragic Throughout the entire play, Oedipus the king by Sophocles dramatic irony. Dramatic irony is when audience is aware what is happening but the character is not. Sophocles uses dramatic irony to show us Oedipus’s character and what is expected to occur. The intention of using irony also allows us to sustain our interest in the play and keep us intrigued by what’s happening. Ironically, the play begins with dramatic irony. Suddenly after the death of King Laius, A plague has hit the city ofRead More Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey - Guidance and Loyalty1355 Words   |  6 PagesGuidance, Fate, and Loyalty in The Odyssey nbsp; The Odyssey is an epic poem about a journey. After the Trojan War is won Odysseus leaves Troy for his home in Ithaca. However, the gods decide to test his courage and resolve and send him on a twenty-year odyssey. Odysseus courage is constantly tested as he struggles with the many obstacles the gods place before him. Although Homer depicted The Odyssey as a self-reliant journey, in reality the gods and other mortals guide Odysseus. It is hisRead MoreEssay about Irony in Guests of the Nation813 Words   |  4 PagesIrony in Guests of the Nation      Ã‚   In the short story, Guests of the Nation, Frank OConnor uses irony to illustrate the conflict which men face when their roles as combatants force them to disregard the humanity of their enemies. In both life and literature, irony exists when there is a contrast between expectation and reality. Verbal irony is defined as a figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning (Thrall 248). In dramaticRead MoreOdysseus And Siren Song Analysis706 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough having pride in yourself may be a positive in moderation, being too proud of oneself will lead to nothing. Many who look down on others will never learn from their peers, and will only boast of their own achievements. In the poems from â€Å"The Odyssey Book 12† by Homer and â€Å"Siren Song† by Margaret Atwood, both authors write of Odysseus’ struggle regarding the Sirens. Sirens are half-woman, half-bird creatures who use their musi c to tempt sailors to shipwreck on islands or to jump off the boat toRead More Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey - Odysseus’s Fulfills His Destiny1472 Words   |  6 Pages Odysseus’s Fulfills his Destiny in The Odyssey During Odysseus’s journey in The Odyssey, his own guile, the gods’ obstacles and their assistance for him affected his destiny. Odysseus uses his crafty sense of trickery and guile to get out of situations, which allow him to reach his destiny of returning home. Many times in The Odyssey the gods who dislike Odysseus set obstacles to try to stop him from returning home. However, there are gods who favor him and give him assistance to reach his homelandRead More Reflective essays1316 Words   |  6 Pagestogether. Incongruity is an integral part of comedy and has been making people laugh for centuries. 8.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The â€Å"Odyssey† is considered to be the â€Å"first comedy† if classical literature. This is believed because it involves a homecoming and has a happy ending, which was the original understanding of ancient Greek comedy. The â€Å"Odyssey† encompasses several other aspects of comedy such as a comic hero as well as the use of mistaken identity and deliberate deception. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreAppropriation Of A Key Text From The Past1364 Words   |  6 Pagesclass lifestyle through the character of Mr Alfred Doolittle. The intertextuality of â€Å"...it’s a choice between Skilly of the workhouse and Char Bydis of the middle class,† a reference to the mythological monsters confronted by Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey, conveys that lower class and middle class lifestyles are both arduous, suggesting that the middle class lifestyle is no better than that of the lower class. Thus Shaw challenges the validity of class as a social construct in Victorian England andRead MoreEssay about Allen Ginsbergs A Supermarket in California1722 Words   |  7 PagesThe irony of the scene becomes clear: an idealized vision of Whitman contrasted with the urban reality of a lonely supermarket. The motifs of loneliness and hunger are closely aligned in the poem. This close connection between the sense of isolation and the sense of hunger is meant to reinforce the notion of emotional, psychic, and spiritual nourishment. The second stanza of the poem begins: In my hungry fatigue, and shopping for images (Ginsberg, 4) which indicates another layer of irony in theRead MorePenelopes Early Recognition of Odysseus2006 Words   |  9 Pagesquestion whether Odysseus was recognized by Penelope and if this helped to build up the intensity of the story. Joseph Russo mentioned this topic in Interview and Aftermath: Dream, Fantasy and Intuition in Odyssey 19 20. The lies told by Odysseus also increased the excitement of The Odyssey. Russo believed that Penelope, in her subconscious, did recognize Odysseus disguised as a beggar. For example, in Book 19, Penelope revealed her innermost thoughts to Odysseus, who was disguised as the beggar

Why Facebook Should Be Legal - 947 Words

The discussions in this section will first consider the reasons why Facebook should not establish a right to be forgotten for its community if users and then for reasons why they should. Then at the end the selected decision will be mentioned. The right to be forgotten involves right to the erasure of information in the possession of other parties, in this case Facebook and its associated companies like WhatsApp, Instagram, etc. Facebook had rapid growth in the recent years, as more and more users started using it as an interface to internet. Facebook were successful in getting more users time and attention over a small period of time. The more users they have the more potential for advertising revenue. To get increased profits after†¦show more content†¦Facebook have faced criticism from various international agencies and various international unions (like EU) about their data retention policies. Most of the concerns within the American and outside the America is about invasion of privacy by publication of private facts, or public disclosure. Legislation had been introduced in Congress to regulate online privacy, and President had called for a consumer privacy bill of rights. These legislation will force Faceboo k to modify its stand on the right to be forgotten. The Restatement of Torts defines the publication of-private-facts tort as the publication of private truthful information about an individual that is highly offensive to a reasonable person. Users have successfully sued against public disclosure of private facts, mainly unwanted information related to illness and hospital records. The possible social pressure and legislation movement will force Facebook to regulate online privacy through self-regulation. The new regulations needs to allow user, who can be identified by information with Facebook, to request to remove all the information immediately. The information about users on Facebook may include negative stories about them, which may be inadequate, irrelevant or no longer relevant. The right will allow users to remove outdated or extremelyShow MoreRelatedFacebook Is An Online Social Networking1079 Words   |  5 PagesFacebook is an online social networking website founded by Mark Zuckerberg along with his fellow Harvard College roommates Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin, and Chris Hughes. The website allows you to create your own wall on which you can share images, personal information, videos etc. Through the site’s messaging feature persons are able to connect with friends, families and many other people around the globe. The success and popularity of the website has attracted over a billionRead MoreSocial Media Evidence Of Government Investigations And Criminal Proceedings A Frontier Of New Legal Issues1370 Words   |  6 Pageshttp://jolt.richmond.edu/index.php/social-media-evidence-in-government-investigations-and-criminal-proceedings-a-frontier-of-new-legal-issues/ d. Search Google, looking for information about Facebook acting unethical in a non-US location. Look at 3 different links, give them here. What potential issues do you learn from these links? List them. In the first URL Facebook is being investigated to assess whether an experiment in which it manipulated users news feeds to study the effect it had on moodsRead MoreEssay on Googles Orkut in Brazil710 Words   |  3 PagesIts popular because it helps people meet others with similar interests and similar tastes. It creates virtual communities among people who want to connect with each other, but might never meet without the mediation of the networking site. 2. Why was Orkut so successful in Brazil? What caused problems later? Google was already well known and had very good reputation in Brazil. Besides, it served a Brazilian market gap with its social networking site, which attracted the extremely community-orientedRead MoreSocial, Political And Legal Environment Associated With Social Media1711 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary: Social media such as Facebook and Twitter allow society to publicize their social lives to all. While managers in organizations are forbidden to ask personal questions of their employees regarding religious or voting preferences, if they have access to their employees Facebook or Twitter pages, they automatically have full access to all information that employees post regarding their personal lives. Will an employer’s access to an employee’s social media pages sway or createRead MoreWelcome to the World of 21st Century Hrm.885 Words   |  4 Pages 1. Does Angie have a right to say what she wants on her Facebook page or in her blog? Why or why not? I feel that, yes, Angie has a right to say what she wants on her Facebook page. Everyone should have the freedom of speech. I also feel that one should take into consideration the consequences and effects it may have on you and/or others, depending on what was said. Opinions and actions are two different things that should be taken into account when giving information publicly. The textRead MorePrivacy And Security : Facebook And Snap Chat1692 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy and Security in Facebook and Snap chat The uprising of Web 2.0 has contributed to a significant rise in the number of technologies designed to enable the dissemination of user-generated content. SnapChat, Facebook, any number of blogging tools—can be referred to under a number of different labels, but the generally accepted term is â€Å"social media†. While in 2016 they are anything but new, social media continues to gain prominence to the point where they are a somewhat ubiquitous presenceRead MoreA Very Controversial Opinions Are Presented In The Article1035 Words   |  5 PagesA very controversial opinions are presented in the article Should teachers friend their students on Facebook? by American Teacher scholar magazine. Nancy Willard, director of Embracing Digital Youth and author of Cyber Savvy, thinks it is very crutial to keep a professional communication and a proper distance with students, because social media, if not used properly, may raise a great public concern, and thus, will be treated as an invasion of a personal space. On the other hand, due to LaurenRead MoreBiometrics Of The Criminal Justice System1622 Words   |  7 Pagesapplication s cover a â€Å"range from identifying criminals to preventing welfare fraud† (Coleman, 2000). Examples of the different types of biometrics that individuals use on an everyday basis include: using a fingerprint to lock a cellphone, getting tagged in Facebook photos, and simply saying a phase to unlock a door or computer. Though there are many different types of biometrics systems currently on the market, they all â€Å"successfully identify and authenticate people with a high degree of accuracy† (ColemanRead MoreDisadvantages Of Facebook867 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Facebook is the most popular social networking with over one billion users globally. It provides a platform through which people can get to express themselves and connect with their, family and friends as well as meet new people. Through Facebook people can find and stay in touch with their lost friends and family members. Apart from being free, Facebook is one of the leading mediums of communication (Ellison et al. 1147). It allows its users to send messages, upload photos and videosRead MorePrivacy? Why Do You Need Privacy? Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesnetworking sites, such as Facebook, have more than 750 million active users, and these users contribute about of 30 billion pieces of shared information (blogs, web links, pictures, etc.) each month. This by no means indicates that social networking sites, similar to Facebook, are a private place. Every â€Å"log in to Facebook† you click to connect to other websites, every status update on your wall, with every Twitter pos t, or Foursquare check-in you allow others to view your life so why not a future employer

Regression Model Free Essays

Introduction A regression model with one explanatory variable is called a Simple linear regression, that is it involves 2 points: single explanatory variable and the response variable which is the x and y, coordinates in a Cartesian plane and finds a linear function a non-vertical straight line that, as precisely as possible it explains the dependent variable values as a function of the independent variables. The term simple refers to the fact that the response variable y is related to one predictor x. The regression model is given as Y=?0+?1 + ? and they are two parameters that are used estimate the slope of the line ?1 and the y- intercept of the line ?0. We will write a custom essay sample on Regression Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? is the random error term.BackgroundRegression analysis is a vital statistical method for the analysis of medical data. It makes it possible for the recognition and grouping of relationships among multiple factors. It also enables the recognition of prognostically relevant risk factors and the calculation of risk scores for individual prognostication, this was made possible by English scientist Sir Francis Galton (1822–1911), a cousin of Charles Darwin, made significant contributions to both genetics and psychology. He is the one that came with regression and a pioneer in using statistics in a study of living organism. In his study the data sets that he considered consisted was the heights of fathers and first sons. He wanted to find out whether he can predict the height of a son based on the father height. Looking at the scatterplots of these heights, Galton saw that the was relationship which was linear and increasing. After fitting a line to these data using the statistical techniques, he observed that for fathers whose heights were taller than the average, the regression line predicted that taller fathers tended to have shorter sons and shorter fathers tended to have taller sons.PurposesSimple linear regression could be for example be purposefully when we Consider a relationship between weight Y (in kilograms) and height X(in centimeters), where the mean weight at a given height is ?(X) = 2X/4 – 45 for X 100. Because of biological variability, the weight will vary for example, it might be normally distributed with a fixed ? = 4. The difference between an observed weight and mean weight at a given height is referred to as the error for that weight. To discover the relationship which is linear, we could take the weight of three individuals at each height and apply linear regression to model the mean weight as a function of height using a straight line, ?(X) = ?0 + ?1X . The most popular way to estimate the parameters, intercept ?0 and slope ?1 is the least squares estimator, which is derived by differentiating the regression with respect to ?0 and ?1 and solving, Let (xi , y i ) be the Ith pair of X and Y values. The least squares estimator, estimates ?0 and ?1 by minimizing the residual sum of squared errors, SSE = ?(y i – ? i)2, where y i are the observed value and ?i = b0 + b1xi are the estimated regression line points and are called the fitted, predicted or â€Å"hat† values. The estimates are given by b0 = ¯y – b1  ¯x and b1 = SSXX / SSYY, and where  ¯Xand  ¯Y are the means of samples X and Y, SSXX and SSYY being their standard deviation values and r = r(X,Y) being their Pearson correlation coefficient. It is also referred to as Pearson’s r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, is a measure of the linear between two variables X and Y Where X is the independent variable and Y being the Dependant variable as stated above. The Pearson correlation coefficient, r can take a range of values from -1 to +1. A value of 0 suggests that there is no association between the two variables X and Y. A value greater than 0 indicates a positive association that is, as the value of one variable increases, so does the value of the other variable. Before using simple linear regression analysis it is always vital to follow these few steps: Choose an independent variable that is likely to cause the change in the dependent variable Be certain that the past amounts for the independent variable occur in the exact same period as the amount of the dependent variable. Plot the observations on a graph using the y-axis for the dependant variable and the x-axis for the independent variable review the plotted observations for a linear pattern and for any outliers keep in mind that there can be correlation without cause and effect.ImportancesSimple linear regression is considered to be extensively useful in many practical applications and methodologies. Simple linear regression functions by assuming that the variables x and y have a relationship which is linear within the given set of data. As assumptions are and results are interpreted, persons handling the analysing role in a such data will have to be more critical because it has been studied before that there are some variables which inhibit marginal changes to occur while others will not consider being held at a fixed point. Although the concept of linear regression is one complex subject, it still remains to be one of the most vital statistical approaches being used till date. Simple linear regression is important because it has be wildly being used in many biological, behavioural , environmental as well as social sciences. Because of its ability to describe possible relationships between identified variables independent and dependent , it has assisted the fields of epidemiology, finance, economics and trend line in describing significant data that proves to be of essence in the identified fields. More so, simple linear regression is important because it provides an idea of what needs to be anticipated, more specially in controlling and regulating functions involved on some disciplines. Despite the complexity of simple linear aggression, it has proven to be adequately useful in many daily applications of life. How to cite Regression Model, Papers

Charles the Great Charlemagne Essay Example For Students

Charles the Great: Charlemagne Essay By the sword and the cross, Charlemagne (Charles the Great) became master of Western Europe. It was falling into decay when Charlemagne became joint king of the Franks in 768. Except in the monasteries, people had all but forgotten education and the arts. Boldly Charlemagne conquered barbarians and kings alike. By restoring the roots of learning and order, he preserved many political rights and revived culture. Charlemagnes grandfather was Charles Martel, the warrior who crushed the Saracens (see Charles Martel). Charlemagne was the elder son of Bertrade (Bertha Greatfoot) and Pepin the Short, first mayor of the palace to become king of the Franks. Although schools had almost disappeared in the 8th century, historians believe that Bertrade gave young Charles some education and that he learned to read. His devotion to the church became the great driving force of his remarkable life. Charlemagne was tall, powerful, and tireless. His secretary, Eginhard, wrote that Charlemagne had fair hair and a face laughing and merry . . . his appearance was always stately and dignified. He had a ready wit, but could be stern. His tastes were simple and moderate. He delighted in hunting, riding, and swimming. He wore the Frankish dress: linen shirt and breeches, a silk-fringed tunic, hose wrapped with bands, and, in winter, a tight coat of otter or marten skins. Over all these garments he flung a blue cloak, and he always had a sword girt about him. Charlemagnes character was contradictory. In an age when the usual penalty for defeat was death, Charlemagne several times spared the lives of his defeated foes; yet in 782 at Verden, after a Saxon uprising, he ordered 4,500 Saxons beheaded. He compelled the clergy and nobles to reform, but he divorced two of his four wives without any cause. He forced kings and princes to kneel at his feet, yet his mother and his two favorite wives often overruled him in his own household. Charlemagne Begins His Reign In 768, when Charlemagne was 26, he and his brother Carloman inherited the kingdom of the Franks. In 771 Carloman died, and Charlemagne became sole ruler of the kingdom. At that time the northern half of Europe was still pagan and lawless. In the south, the Roman Catholic church was striving to assert its power against the Lombard kingdom in Italy. In Charlemagnes own realm, the Franks were falling back into barbarian ways, neglecting their education and religion. Charlemagne was determined to strengthen his realm and to bring order to Europe. In 772 he launched a 30-year campaign that conquered and Christianized the powerful pagan Saxons in the north. He subdued the Avars, a huge Tatar tribe on the Danube. He compelled the rebellious Bavarian dukes to submit to him. When possible he preferred to settle matters peacefully, however. For example, Charlemagne offered to pay the Lombard king Desiderius for return of lands to the pope, but, when Desiderius refused, Charlemagne seized his kingdom in 773 to 774 and restored the Papal States. The key to Charlemagnes amazing conquests was his ability to organize. During his reign he sent out more than 50 military expeditions. He rode as commander at the head of at least half of them. He moved his armies over wide reaches of country with unbelievable speed, but every move was planned in advance. Before a campaign he told the counts, princes, and bishops throughout his realm how many men they should bring, what arms they were to carry, and even what to load in the supply wagons. These feats of organization and the swift marches later led Napoleon to study his tactics. One of Charlemagnes minor campaigns has become the most famous. In 778 he led his army into Spain to battle the infidel Saracens. On its return, Basques ambushed the rear guard at Roncesvalles, in northern Spain, and killed Count Roland. Roland became a great hero of medieval songs and romances (see Roland). By 800 Charlemagne was the undisputed ruler of Western Europe. His vast realm covered what are now France, Switzerland, Belgium, and The Netherlands. It included half of present-day Italy and Germany, part of Austria, and the Spanish March (border). The broad March reached to the Ebro River. By thus establishing a central government over Western Europe, Charlemagne restored much of the unity of the old Roman Empire and paved the way for the development of modern Europe. Crowned Emperor On Christmas Day in 800, while Charlemagne knelt in prayer in Saint Peters in Rome, Pope Leo III seized a golden crown from the altar and placed it on the bowed head of the king. The throng in the church shouted, To Charles the August, crowned by God, great and pacific emperor, long life and victory! Charlemagne is said to have been surprised by the coronation, declaring that he would not have come into the church had he known the popes plan. However, some historians say the pope would not have dared to act without Charlemagnes knowledge. The coronation was the foundation of the Holy Roman Empire. To his Coy Mistress Essay ThesisCharlemagne was determined to strengthen his realm and to bring order to Europe. In 772 he launched a 30-year campaign that conquered and Christianized the powerful pagan Saxons in the north. He subdued the Avars, a huge Tatar tribe on the Danube. He compelled the rebellious Bavarian dukes to submit to him. When possible he preferred to settle matters peacefully, however. For example, Charlemagne offered to pay the Lombard king Desiderius for return of lands to the pope, but, when Desiderius refused, Charlemagne seized his kingdom in 773 to 774 and restored the Papal States. The key to Charlemagnes amazing conquests was his ability to organize. During his reign he sent out more than 50 military expeditions. He rode as commander at the head of at least half of them. He moved his armies over wide reaches of country with unbelievable speed, but every move was planned in advance. Before a campaign he told the counts, princes, and bishops throughout his realm how many men they should bring, what arms they were to carry, and even what to load in the supply wagons. These feats of organization and the swift marches later led Napoleon to study his tactics. One of Charlemagnes minor campaigns has become the most famous. In 778 he led his army into Spain to battle the infidel Saracens. On its return, Basques ambushed the rear guard at Roncesvalles, in northern Spain, and killed Count Roland. Roland became a great hero of medieval songs and romances (see Roland). By 800 Charlemagne was the undisputed ruler of Western Europe. His vast realm covered what are now France, Switzerland, Belgium, and The Netherlands. It included half of present-day Italy and Germany, part of Austria, and the Spanish March (border). The broad March reached to the Ebro River. By thus establishing a central government over Western Europe, Charlemagne restored much of the unity of the old Roman Empire and paved the way for the development of modern Europe. Crowned Emperor On Christmas Day in 800, while Charlemagne knelt in prayer in Saint Peters in Rome, Pope Leo III seized a golden crown from the altar and placed it on the bowed head of the king. The throng in the church shouted, To Charles the August, crowned by God, great and pacific emperor, long life and victory! Charlemagne is said to have been surprised by the coronation, declaring that he would not have come into the church had he known the popes plan. However, some historians say the pope would not have dared to act without Charlemagnes knowledge. The coronation was the foundation of the Holy Roman Empire. Though Charlemagne did not use the title, he is considered the first Holy Roman emperor (see Holy Roman Empire). Reform and Renaissance Charlemagne had deep sympathy for the peasants and believed that government should be for the benefit of the governed. When he came to the throne, various local governors, called counts, had become lax and oppressive. To reform them, he expanded the work of investigators, called missi dominici. He prescribed their duties in documents called capitularies and sent them out in teams of twoa churchman and a noble. They rode to all parts of the realm, inspecting government, administering justice, and reawakening all citizens to their civil and religious duties. Twice a year Charlemagne summoned the chief men of the empire to discuss its affairs. In all problems he was the final arbiter, even in church issues, and he largely unified church and state. Charlemagne was a tireless reformer who tried to improve his peoples lot in many ways. He set up money standards to encourage commerce, tried to build a Rhine-Danube canal, and urged better farming methods. He especially worked to spread education and Christianity in every class of people. He revived the Palace School at Aachen, his capital. He set up other schools, opening them to peasant boys as well as nobles. Charlemagne never stopped studying. He brought an English monk, Alcuin, and other scholars to his court. He learned to read Latin and some Greek but apparently did not master writing. At meals, instead of having jesters perform, he listened to men reading from learned works. To revive church music, Charlemagne had monks sent from Rome to train his Frankish singers. To restore some appreciation of art, he brought valuable pieces from Italy. An impressive monument to his religious devotion is the cathedral at Aachen, which he built and where he was buried (see Aachen). At Charlemagnes death in 814 only one of his three sons, Louis, was living. Louiss weak rule brought on the rise of civil wars and revolts. After his death his three quarreling sons split the empire between them by the Partition of Verdun in 843.

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Introduction The purpose of this essay is to analyze a text in relation to the genre and register used then identify the language foci that would be significantly emphasized in a second language lesson. The target learners are Chinese Freshman students studying in the University of Twain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Text-Based Second Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay starts off by looking at the literature review, method (introduction, description of the target learners, data, data analysis and findings), and discussion of findings, conclusion, references and finally the appendices. Literature review In the analysis of a text, the genre and register are vital aspects of learning the structure of a text in terms of its function (Eggins, 1994) and context involved â€Å"context sets the stage where particular meanings unfold† (Yunick, 1997).Therefore, for learners to understand easily t he lexicogrammar in a text, they must be able to identify the kind of environment created in the text and the function of the text. The form and function of a text is described in the genre analysis and this helps the L2 learners to understand the purpose of a particular text (Yunick, 1997). To achieve this, in the teaching and learning process, the teacher should identify the significant language foci that are relevant to the proficiency level of the learners (Butt et al., 2009). This helps in the motivation of learners since they become conversant with what they are able to handle, and it applies to all L2 learners anywhere in the world. At any level of proficiency, learners should be made to understand that text writers â€Å"make grammatical choices that depend on contextual features† (Schmitt, 2002). Halliday, (1989) In his theory of context for analyzing the lexicogrammar patterns of texts, the content clearly demonstrates the guidelines to the effective reading of a te xt in which L2 learners are required to put much attention on the structure of the chosen text for the lesson. Equipped with this kind of knowledge about the lexicogrammar used in a text then it becomes it easier for the teacher to identify the most pronounced language foci that would be appropriate for L2 lessons (Liu Jiang, 2009). Identifying the language foci in a text is done through a register analysis of the field, tenor and mode and the analysis of the genre used.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The authenticity of a text is also an aspect to be considered. Apart from the text chosen for the L2 lessons meeting the needs of the students In relation to the proficiency level, it should also be relevant to the cultural background of the L2 students. Thus, the integration of culture and language activates the learner’s schemata making it easy for them to comprehend a text (C arrel and Eiserhold,1983).Through this integration, learners learn more effectively since they are involved in the learning process due to the fact that the content meets their particular interests (Nunan, 1998). Method Introduction In relation to the previous section, the aim of this essay is to carry out an analysis of a text that is relevant to the l2 learner’s needs in terms of their proficiency level and cultural background. The text should be able to present the L2 learner’s linguistic difficulties and this is made possible by identifying the genre and the register of the text (Paltridge, 1996). All these analyses should lead to the most important task of this essay which is the identification of the predominant foci that should be emphasized in an L2 lesson. Target Learners English is a more commonly used international language. Most of the Chinese individuals learn English for Education and transaction purposes. As beginners in the study of English as a second language, 10 freshman students in the University of Twain have a ISLPR score of S: 3, L: 3, R: 3, W: 3 (Ingram Wylie 1979/2007). And most universities accept this as the minimum level for entry to undergraduate degree courses (see Appendix 4). Their linguistic needs are to learn how to use the article ‘a’ and ‘an’ since these articles lack in their own language. Another linguistic difficulty that they encounter is the improper use of verb tenses and lack of knowledge on how to use the plural form of words. Data The text chosen (see Appendix 1) is taken from page 32 of Learning English: A Textbook for English Teachers (Don Snow, 2012).the structure of this text suits the kind of students in this case as it attempts to cover the linguistic difficulties of Chinese L2 learners. The use of verb tenses, plural form of words, proper use of conjunctions, and the use of the article ‘a’ and ‘an’ are clearly outlined in this text.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Text-Based Second Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The text is about the question of whether intensive reading is really reading. The author argues out that intensive reading is not enough for a person who would like to be a good reader and thus readers should employ extensive reading too. Intensive reading makes a reader develop bad reading habits because one pays much attention on the vocabulary used rather than the meaning of a text which is the main essence of reading. Data analysis An analysis of the register and genre of the text was conducted based on two templates(see appendices 23)The register analysis was based on a template that involved the field, tenor and mode whereas the genre analysis was done based on a template to determine the schematic structure and lexicogrammar of the text (Butt et al., 1995). Findings Table 1-Language Foci and Linguistic/Discourse aspects A nalysis Template Linguistic Discourse Register analysis Field Verb tenses; may, is ,will, can, Indefinite articles; a bit strange, a slow, a language, get a better, a text’s grammar, a text, an extensive style, a lot, a runner. Tenor Plural forms; texts, ways, students, words, sentences, books, magazines, muscles, skills Mode Conjunctions; Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually, In order to, as well as, But, mainly, instead, Just as Genre analysis Conjunctions showing reasoning; However, because, In order to, But Discussion of Findings Basing on the table of findings, the information simply illustrates the evident linguistic foci in the text. At a linguistic level, basing on the field of the register analysis, the language focus is the use of verb tenses. English employs a variety of verb tenses i.e., in the present, past and the future. The Chinese find it a little bit tricky to use verb tense s in their speaking of English language because their language lack this aspect (Hinkel, 1992). Thus, teaching this linguistic aspect would meet the needs of the Chinese students as they are exposed to the correct usage of verb tenses. The proper use of indefinite articles is another crucial aspect to be taught in an L2 lesson involving Chinese students. The Chinese language lack the use of indefinite articles thus it is a difficult task for them to be able to identify such an aspect in both speaking and writing. The indefinite article ’a’ and ‘an’ tend to be omitted in most cases in their speech thus this would be an appropriate language focus to be included in the lesson plan (Wong, 1988) Another important language focus that a teacher should concentrate on is the use of conjunctions to create cohesion in a text. The Chinese lack the knowledge on how to use conjunctions appropriately in their writings.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, focusing on this aspect under the discourse function makes it possible for the L2 learners to know when and where to use a conjunction. This problem is not experienced by the Chinese learners alone but almost all intermediate L2 learners struggle with the use of conjunctions before getting to the advanced level (Geva, 1986). The proper use of plural forms is also another important language focus that should be emphasized in an L2 lesson. The teacher teaching English to Chinese students should take into consideration the fact that the Chinese students lack the knowledge on how to use the plural form. In most cases, you will always find a Chinese speaking in English referring to children as child. For them the singular form is used to refer to the plural form too. This is risky in their learning of English because such kinds of mistakes make them underscore when it comes to the assessment tests (Wong, 1988). Thus the most predominant language foci is the proper use of conjunctio ns and for a teacher to achieve his objective which is to help learners acquire the language at the end of the lesson then this should be the most significant language foci to be included in the lesson plan. This aspect covers both the speaking and writing skills. Conclusion The dominant language foci in this chosen text( see table 1) is the proper use of conjunctions and for a teacher to achieve his objective which is to help learners acquire the language at the end of the lesson, then this should be most significant language foci to be included in the lesson plan. This aspect covers both the speaking and writing skills and meets the needs of the Chinese L2 learners. Moreover the teacher should incorporate the culture in the teaching process of the language to achieve the best results (Byram, 1990). References Butt, D., R., Feez, S., Spinks, S., Yallop, C. (2009). Using Functional Grammar (2nd Ed.) South Yarra: Macmillan. Byram, M. (1990). Teaching culture and language: towards an integrated model. Buttjes and Byram. Carrel, P., L. and Eiserhold, J., C. (1983). Schema Theory and ESL Reading Pedagogy. TESOL QUATERRLY. 17 (4). Pp. 553-573. Eggins, S. (1994). An Introduction to Systematic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter. Geva, E., (1986). Reading comprehension in a second Language: the role of conjunctions.TESL Canada Journal. 3 (0). Pp. 85-96. Halliday, M., A., K., and Hassan, R. (1989). Language, Context and Text: Aspects f language in a social Semiotic Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hinkel, E. (1992). The past tense and temporal verb meanings in a contextual frame. TESOL Quarterly Journal. 31(2): 289-313. Ingram, D., E. Wylie.E. (2007). The International Second Language Proficiency Ratings (ISLPR) Australia. The International Second Language Proficiency Ratings. Brisbane Liu, D. Jiang, P. (2009). Using a Corpus Based Lexicogrammatical Approach to Grammar Instruction in EFL and ESL Contexts. The Modern Language Journal. 93 (1). Pp. 61- 78. Nunan, D. (1998). Teaching Grammar in Context. ELT Journal. 52(2). Pp. 101-109. Paltridge, B. (1996). Genre, Text, Type and the language learning classroom. ELT Journal. 50(3). Pp. 237-243. Schmitt, N. (2002). An Introduction to Applied Linguistics. London: Hodder. Snow, D. (2012). Learning English: A Textbook for English Teachers. Alexandria, VA: TESOL. Wong, S. C. (1988). What we do and don’t know about Chinese learners of English: A critical review of selected research, RELC Journal, 19(1): 1-19. Yunick, S. (1997). Genres, Registers and Sociolinguistics. World Englishes Journal. 16(3). Pp. 321-336). Appendix Appendix 1 Chosen text taken from pg 32 of Don Snow. (2012). Learning English: A Textbook for English Teachers. Alexandria, VA: TESOL. Is intensive reading really reading? This question may seem a bit strange. Obviously, intensive reading is at least one kind of reading, a slow, careful reading style that is appropriate for very difficult texts. However, in many wa ys, intensive reading is really more of a language study method than a form of reading. Intensive reading is useful for English study because its slow speed allows students to stop and look new words up in the dictionary; it also allows students to pause and carefully study long or difficult sentences to get a better understanding of their grammar. However, intensive reading alone will not make students good readers. In fact, too much intensive reading may actually cause students to develop bad reading habits. For example, because intensive reading requires students to pay attention to every detail, it often encourages the habit of paying more attention to the vocabulary and grammar of a text than to its overall meaning. It also encourages the habit of reading English very slowly, and students who become accustomed to reading English in this way often never learn to read any faster. Finally, intensive reading tends to be relatively boring, so students who fall into the habit of read ing everything intensively often come to dislike reading in English. The main purpose of most reading is to understand the meaning of the text, usually as quickly as possible, so extensive reading is more like â€Å"real† reading than intensive reading is. In order to become good readers, students need to practice reading extensively as well as intensively. It is good for students to read intensively sometimes so they can study a text’s grammar and vocabulary. They also need to read intensively if a text is very difficult. But it is equally important for them to spend time reading texts in an extensive style, focusing mainly on the meaning of the text, not stopping to look up every new word. Furthermore, to become good readers, students need to read a lot – entire books or magazines – instead of just short articles or passages from English textbooks. Just as a runner must run a lot every day in order to build muscles for running, good readers need to read frequently and extensively to build good reading skills. Appendix 2 Register Analysis Register variable Meaning Lexicogrammar Experiential Participants Processes Circumstances Field Ascertain if intensive reading is really reading Students, short articles, passages readers, English textbooks, books, magazines at least one kind of reading, a slow, careful reading style, intensive reading is really more of a language study, a form of reading, carefully study develop bad reading habits, to understand the meaning , practice reading extensively, focusing mainly that is appropriate, difficult texts, study method, a form of reading, useful for English study, difficult sentences, understanding of their grammar, develop bad reading habits, to become good readers Transitivity system Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually, Register Variable Meanings lexicogrammar Interpersonal Mood structure voice Modali ty system Polarity system Reference system Tenor Power-unequal DeclarativeObviously, intensive reading is, The main purpose of most reading, It also encourages Active (see mood structure) Modals may , will, can, Negative grammatical meanings However, in many ways, will not, never learn, relatively boring, dislike, not, Nouns Students, readers, magazines, articles, passages, books, textbooks Contact-infrequent Affective involvement-low Register variable Meanings lexicogrammar Textual Cohesion coherence Mode Written text Cohesive grammatical devices; Conjunctions; Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually Theme-Rheme intensive reading- is at least one kind of reading good readers- need to read a lot students – pay attention to every detail Lexical devices Students/readers New words/Vocabulary Style/skills Habit/ practice Appendix 3-Genre Analysis Genre Discussion Overall Function To discuss what intensive reading really means by comparing it with extensive reading Functional Labeling Meaning of intensive reading. Comparison and contrasting of intensive and extensive reading. Linking of the two reading styles Schematic structure Schematic Structure Description Justification of argument about intensive reading Recommendation by the writer Obligatory Stages Justification of argument about intensive reading Recommendation by the author Optional Stages Generic Semantic Potential Justification of argument about intensive reading Recommendation by the author Grammatical Features Verb tenses; may, is, will, can. Indefinite articles; a bit strange, a slow, a language, get a better, a text’s grammar, a text, an extensive style, a lot, a runner Plural forms; texts, ways, students, words, sentences, books, magazines, muscles, skills. Conjunctions; Obviously, at least, However, because, also, In fact, actually, For example, often, Finally, so, usually, I n order to, as well as, But, mainly, instead, Just as Appendix 4- summary table of the ISLPR adapted from the ISPLR scale Number Name Short description of the language behavior 0 Zero Proficiency Unable to communicate in the language. 0+ 1- 1 1+ 2 3 3+ 4 4+ 5 Formulaic ProficiencyMinimum ‘Creative’ Proficiency Basic Transactional Proficiency Transactional Proficiency Basic Social Proficiency Basic ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Basic ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Plus ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Advanced ‘Vocational’ Proficiency Native-Like Proficiency Able to perform in a very limited capacity within the most immediate, predictable areas of need, using essentially formulaic language. Able to satisfy immediate, predictable needs, using predominantly formulaic language.Able to satisfy basic everyday transactional needs.Able to satisfy everyday transactional needs and limited social needs. Able to satisfy basic social needs, and routine needs pertinent to everyday commerce and to linguistically undemanding ‘vocational’ fields. Able to perform effectively in most informal and formal situations pertinent to social and community life and everyday commerce and recreation, and in situations which are not linguistically demanding in Own ‘vocational’ field. Proficiency at this level is significantly better than level 3 but has not reached level 4. Able to perform very effectively in almost all situations pertinent to social and community life and everyday commerce and recreation, and generally in almost all situations pertinent to own ‘vocational’ fields. Able to operate as effectively as native speakers in most situations with only slight features of the language differentiating one from the other. Proficiency equivalent to that of a native speaker of the same sociocultural variety. This essay on Text-Based Second Language was written and submitted by user Jordyn D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How To Make A Telemarketing Complaint

How To Make A Telemarketing Complaint    The Federal Communication Commission has released specific steps consumers should take if they have put their phone numbers on the National Do-Not-Call Registry and are called by telemarketers on or after October 1, 2003. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) share responsibility for enforcing the National Do-Not-Call list.   If You are Called by Telemarketers, You Can Do the Following If you have registered your telephone number on the National Do-Not-Call list, tell the telemarketer that you are on the list. Make a note of the time and date of the call, and the identity of the telemarketer for your records. You will need this information if you elect to file a complaint; OR If you are not registered on the National Do-Not-Call list, you can still instruct the telemarketer to place you on its company-specific do-not-call list if you do not want to receive further calls from that company. For your own reference, make a note of the date and time you asked to be put on the company-specific list. Having this information may be helpful if you get called again by the same company and wish to file a complaint with the FCC; OR Explore whether your state has its own do-not-call list. Contact your State Attorney General or State office that administers the list for more information. Filing a Complaint The FCC and the FTC will both accept complaints and share information, so consumers may file complaints with either agency. In addition to complaints alleging violations of the do-not-call list, you may also file a complaint against a telemarketer who is calling for a commercial purpose (e.g., not charitable organizations). The telemarketer calls before 8 AM or after 9 PM; OR The telemarketer leaves a message, but fails to leave a phone number that you can call to sign up for their company specific do-not-call list; OR You receive a telemarketing call from an organization whom you have previously requested not call you; OR The telemarketing firm fails to identify itself; OR You receive a pre-recorded commercial message or robocall from someone with whom you do not have an established business relationship and to whom you havent given permission to call you. (Most pre-recorded commercial messages are unlawful, even if no do-not-call request has been made). How to File a Complaint For consumers who registered their numbers before September 1, 2003, those registrations have taken effect, and consumers may file a complaint at any time if they receive telemarketing calls. For those consumers who registered their telephone numbers after August 31, 2003, the registration takes 90 days to become effective, so those consumers can complain about calls that they receive three months or more after their registration. Complaints should be filed online on the FCCs Telemarketing Complaints web page. Your Complaint Should Include name, address, and telephone number where you can be reached during the business day; the telephone number involved with the complaint; and as much specific information as possible, including the identity of the telemarketer or company contacting you, the date on which you put your number on the national Do-Not-Call registry or made a company-specific do-not-call request, and the date(s) of any subsequent telemarketing call(s) from that telemarketer or company. If mailing a complaint, send it to: Federal Communications Commission Consumer Governmental Affairs Bureau Consumer Inquiries and Complaints Division 445 12th Street, SW Washington, DC 20554 Consumer Private Right of Action In addition to filing a complaint with the FCC or FTC, consumers may explore the possibility of filing an action in a state court. Preventing Unwanted Calls In the First Place Filing a complaint after the fact can help, there are steps consumers can take to at least reduce the number of unwanted telemarketing phone calls they receive. According to the FTC, adding a phone number to the more than 217 million numbers already on the Do Not Call Registry should stop â€Å"most† unwanted sales calls. The Telemarketing Sales Law allows political calls, calls from charitable organizations, informational calls, calls about debts owed, and phone surveys or polls, as well as calls from companies consumer  has done business with in the past or given permission to call them. What about â€Å"robocalls† - automated recorded messages pitching a product or service? The  FTC warns that most of them are scams. Consumers who get robocalls should never press phone buttons to â€Å"request to speak to someone or be taken off the call list.† Not only will they not get to speak to someone, they will just end up getting more unwanted calls. Instead, consumers should simply hang up and report details of the call to the Federal Trade Commission online or call the  FTC at 1-888-382-1222.

Introduction of Thesis Dignity in Elderly Care Essay

Introduction of Thesis Dignity in Elderly Care - Essay Example experienced throughout the past years, as well as failure of will, which once engrained within the mentality and daily attitudes of the elderly, tends to persist till their very death. The media both local and foreign has depicted on diverse occasions, the scrupulous levels of neglect and abuse that the elderly may experience at times within the health care systems (Mark et al., 1998); while often there are also reports of direct killings of the elderly patients perpetuated by their caregivers (Wainwright, 2008). in this context, The World Health Organisation defines the term â€Å"Elder Abuse† act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person† (WHO, 2011). This abuse can take place in three different ways: psychological/ emotional abuse, physical abuse, financial abuse, and sexual abuse. The basic notions of human dignity were first conceived within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR) that states in its preamble â€Å"Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world† (UNDHR, 1948). Based on this guiding principle, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union states in its first article, â€Å"human dignity is inviolable. It must be respected and protected,† thus, proclaiming that dignity in an integral part of all human existence, and human dignity must always be upheld. Article 3 of the Charter focuses on physical and mental integrity, whilst article 4 focuses on the protection against inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 25 focuses on â€Å"the right of the elderly to lead a life of dignity and... All forms of undertaken research work consist of a fixed procedure, which is made up of a series of varying enquiries on the selected issue/ problem that are systemic in nature. These systemic enquires enable the research scholar, to imbibe new knowledge on that particular theme. This thesis paper will comprise of both primary and secondary work, though the primary nature of the research work carried out in this paper is secondary research, defined as â€Å"analyzing [the] already collected data within another study† (Sarantakos, 2005, 297). Secondary researches generally involve a detailed study of all the available data, which is perceived as necessary, owing to the fact that often ‘a wealth of data’ that has been collected for various other non-research objectives, can also be used quite effectively to answer one’s questions in a research paper. Secondary research work generally creates a broader perspective for the concerned researcher to study and coll ect a large number of required data from various resources. The research process methodology as followed for this paper is based on the outline given by Graziano & Raulin, in their paper.

HUMAN SIMULATORS TO TEACH STUDENTS AND RNs Research Paper

HUMAN SIMULATORS TO TEACH STUDENTS AND RNs - Research Paper Example It shall first present a description of the topic selected. It shall also discuss why this topic was selected and how it involves informatics. It shall also discuss the impact of human simulators and how they improve or deter patient care, and how they improve or deter nursing education. This research is being carried out in order to conceptualize a thorough and comprehensive understanding of human simulators as a teaching aid. Discussion Human patient simulation (HPS) is a teaching method which â€Å"allows nurses and other clinicians to refine and apply their skills in realistic health care situations and participate in learning experiences tailored to their education needs† (Beyea and Kobokovich, 2004). Human patient simulation is a new technology which was borne out of the advancement in informatics and computer technology. This new technology uses computer life-sized mannequins which can formulate life-like situations which can be adjusted accordingly in order to comply w ith instructor’s educational goals (Pacsi, 2008). The very first human patient simulator was seen in the late 1950s and was known as Mrs. Chase; it was basically a model with a torso and a separate computer software (Herrmann, 1981). This model was used to assist nursing students in their physical assessment process. The Harvey Model was seen in the 1960s and it model was built with simulated heart and lungs; and it assisted students in distinguishing between normal and abnormal cardiopulmonary indications. A fully equipped computerized human simulator Sim One was then built in order to simulate endotracheal intubations in order to teach medical and graduate nurse anesthesia students (Gaba and DeAndra, 1988). The simulators which are now being used (MetiMan, Laerdal SimMan, and BabySim) are equipped with computer software and can be connected to laptops and desktop computers. Some of these models are able to speak and blink; they have chest walls which expand on inspiration a nd then relax on expiration; and they also exhibit programmable audible lung and heart sounds (Pacsi, 2008). They can be intubated and can receive bag and masks for ventilation. When these devices are plugged into monitors, teachers can then program the heart rates, pulse oximetry readings into these machines (Pacsi, 2008). These simulators can also be programmed to exhibit human-like responses to different diseases and to the reactions to interventions, including administration of IV meds, intubation, ventilation, and CPR. Computers have now been used in classrooms in order to manage communication and the gathering of knowledge. The current computer applications now offer features which help facilitate and support clinical learning (Pacsi, 2008). Colleges and universities have established simulation centers in order for students to practice and develop their technical skills and to develop their critical thinking, decision-making, delegation, and coordination skills. Simulations ar e technologies which have been made possible with the availability of technology-equipped mannequins (Pacsi, 2008). With the hands-on availability of these technologies, students have been exposed to different scenarios; moreover, these simulations can also present students with different situations they may meet during their clinical experience. In effect, the students are able to come up with treatments and interventions and

The Effects of Various Substances on the Rate of Sodium, Potassium and Lab Report

The Effects of Various Substances on the Rate of Sodium, Potassium and Urine Excretion in the Human - Lab Report Example The main reason behind this is that Furosemide is a very strong diuretic. In this experiment, volunteers from three various student groups participated in one of the sample groups. They provided the required urine sample that is needed for collection of data. The collected data was assembled, illustrated, and calculated to get the expected results. It is expected that the statistical results will indicate that there was an increase in urine out from the samples of alcohol and juice groups but not in potassium and sodium. The furosemide samples should record a definite increase in urine output in both samples of sodium and potassium groups and the other two samples groups of alcohol and juice. The reduction of potassium and sodium output in the experiment proved that most potassium and sodium was reabsorbed in the blood before the filtered fluid in the body became urine and ultimately eliminated from the body as urine. Diuretics are forms of drugs, which increase urine production in order to create the hypotensive effect. Furosemide operates in a manner that it blocks the absorption of potassium and sodium from the filtered fluid, causing an increase in urine output (dieresis). The main objective of this experiment was to determine the diuretic effects of furosemide against a control group and another group that was under the influence of alcohol. The effects were later observed through potassium and sodium excreted by the human volunteer. The action mechanism depletes sodium from the blood plasma leading to the hypotensive effect. A reduction in the amount of blood plasma leads to a reduction of peripheral workload and cardiac output. The experiment was carried out at the University of Brighton among the different pharmacy group students. The experiment required that no pregnant student or any student under contraceptive drugs would participate in this experiment.  Students that are diagnosed with any kidney disorder or taking medication that controls their blood pressure must also not participate in this experiment.

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of AstraZeneca pharmaceuticals

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of AstraZeneca pharmaceuticals This is a report about entering a new market of AstraZeneca which is one of the worlds greatest pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. Being an international manager of this company, this report clearly shows the marketing plan of the company. 1.0 Introduction of AstraZeneca pharmaceuticals AstraZeneca pharmaceutical is a rapidly leading growing company that has branches in several countries. This company was formed on 6 April 1999 through the merger of Astra AB of Sweden and Zeneca Group PLC of the UK two companies with similar science-based cultures and a shared vision of the pharmaceutical industry. It is a company fully focused on single purpose, to enable the people life altering condition to live better lives. It has a portfolio of products for major diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, infection, neuroscience, respiratory and inflammation. The motto of the company is to build a significant difference to patient throughout great medicines that bring do good to for patients and add value for stakeholders and society. Product market characteristics AstraZeneca is an innovative driven biopharmaceutical global business that supplies their products in more than 100 countries. In many countries, it manufactures the products while also export products to countries where they do not have manufacturing operations. With the aim to be success, AstraZeneca has developed flexible marketing strategies to market and distributes its products in local areas of emerging market. The company focuses the skills and resources in six important areas of health care. It discovers, develops, manufactures and markets prescription pharmaceutical on the areas which include cardiovascular, cancer, infection, gastrointestinal, respiratory and inflammation. AstraZeneca is providing medicines for these worlds serious diseases. Now a day, people of every country is suffering from different type of bacterial infection. The death rate in developing country due to inflectional diseases is also increasing due to lack of appropriate medicine. There is a high demand of antibiotic medicine around the world in developing countries as well as in developed countries. Performance of AstraZeneca The performance at AstraZeneca is committed to achieve the financial and strategic objectives at the same time as maintaining the core values as the number one priority in counting to bring the best products to market all over the world. Research and Development is a key competitive advantage for this company. Without RD AstraZeneca could not have become the global leading biopharmaceutical company. The revenue of the company in 2009 was increased by 7% as well as new emerging markets businesses grew strongly by 12% revenue in constant currency time. There was improved in efficiency throughout the organization and some extra gains within other income. Although company revenue growth is slowing down due to continuous pressure on healthcare costs and pricing as well as vast competition from generic medicines, the demand for health care will derive the company future growth remain strong. (AstraZeneca Annual report 2009) 2.0 International marketing planning According to McDonald, marketing planning is a structured way of identifying a range of options for the company, of making them explicit in writing, of formulating marketing objectives which are consistent with the companys overall objectives and of scheduling and costing out the specific activities most likely to bring about the achievement of the objectives.(L S Walsh, International Marketing, third edition) 2.1 Internal and External environment It is also needed to take into consideration those internal factors close to the unit that have a direct impact on the unit and AstraZeneca strategic marketing.   These will include:   CUSTOMERS   AstraZeneca survive on the basis of meeting the needs, wants and providing benefits for their customers. Failure to do so will result in a failed business strategy.    EMPLOYEE   Employing the correct staff and keeping these staff motivated is an essential part of the strategic planning process of a AstraZeneca. Training and development plays an essential role particular in service sector marketing in-order to gain a competitive edge. The success is due to the 62,000 people they employ in their businesses. SHAREHOLDERS   It is the responsibility of the AstraZeneca to meet the expectation of Shareholder and perception. This company is trying its best to fulfill its strategy so that they can meet shareholdersexpectation.   When dealing with the marketing environment it is important for a company to become proactive. By doing so, they can create the kind of environment that they will prosper in and can become more efficient by marketing in areas with the greatest customer potential. It is important to place equal emphasis on both the macro and microenvironment and to react accordingly to changes within them. External strategy The PEST analysis examines changes in the marketplace caused by Political, Economic, Social, Technological factors. Political is political change whether it be through the European Union or the UK, from one party to another in control. Economic influences are the level of interest rates and the level of inflation. Social change involves changing attitudes and lifestyles. Technological change creates opportunities to invest in new products cutting costs. Political factors The government can have a major influence on the eating out industry, as all laws are passed through parliament. The types of laws that can affect the eating out industry are, tariffs on imports, a possible raise in value added tax and new health and safety laws, and also there is the possible introduction of laws from the European Union. So government regulations and legal issues have a direct impact on the way AstraZeneca operates. In result of growing awareness of the environmental consequences, U.K Government is planning actions to ensure aviation reflects its environmental impacts. Proposals are emerging for a tax on aviation, fuel and VAT on air tickets. Governments taxation policies and decision about the increase in the petrol prices have affected the buying power of the individuals in U.K. All of the above can cause a rise in costs so prices may rise in order to pass the costs onto the consumer. Economical factors AstraZeneca is also affected by economical factors nationally and globally. Whether an Economy is in a boom, recession or recovery will also affect consumer confidence and behavior. Economic factors have affected the purchasing power of potential customers, and the state of the internal/external economy in the short and long-term. As a result the company needs to consider: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economic growth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interest rates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Inflation rate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Budget allocation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The level of inflation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employment level per capita   Interest rates are the lowest they have been for forty years and this affects the rate of consumer spending on goods and services. The rate of interest affects the economy through its influence on aggregate demand, the higher the rate of interest, the lower the rate of aggregate demand. A fall in interest rates usually means that assets rise in value; this means that consumers become wealthier. Social factors Social factors will include the demographic changes, trends in the way people live, work and think and cultural aspects of the macro environment. These factors affect customer needs and the size of potential market: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Population growth rate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Age distribution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internal/external emphasis on safety à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internal/external attitudes to change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What is the stakeholder expectation of the unit?   Technological factors The complexities of achieving business success through increased efficiency, effectiveness and competitiveness, combined with innovative applications of modern technology, has heightened the awareness of both technology and business managers towards more strategically oriented approaches for planning and management of AstraZeneca. SWOT Factors SWOT factors refer to the strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats of the company. The main strengths of AstraZeneca are its brands. It has an ability to deliver the potential of existing and future products through the power and reach of a combined global sales and marketing resources. It has a wide spread class coverage in key therapy area such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases due to complementary nature of product. It is focused on constantly developing new products to expectations. Since it is a global industry it is a member of many organisations all over the world. The world population has doubled in the last 50 years from three billion to over six billion and is expected to reach nine billion by 2050. In addition, the number of people who can access the highest standards of healthcare continues to increase, particularly among the elderly, who represent a rising proportion of populations in developed nations and continue to offer opportunities for the industry to supply an expanding number of patients who can benefit from medicines. Currently, the threat of new viable competitors in the global industry is not very substantial. The main rivals of the company are GlaxoSmithKline plc, Merck Co.Inc, Novartis AG. The threat of substitutes, however, is a very real threat. The UK, and especially London, has been a prime target of the religious fundamentalists and terrorist outfits. London and other cities in the UK have been frequently under high alert since9/11 in general and after the war in Iraq in particular. 2.3 Marketing goals and objectives The main objectives of the company is to be the worlds largest pharmaceuticals company and to build a significant difference to patient all the way through great medicines that bring do good to for patients and add value for stakeholders and society. Boosting efforts to source improvement from outside the company and working in partnerships across all aspects of RD to broaden the base for a success. Market analysis Now a day, people of every country is suffering from different type of bacterial infection. The death rate in developing country due to inflectional diseases is also increasing due to lack of appropriate medicine. The demand for health care is more in every country so the companys future is bright and growth remains strong. Population are increasing and people are living longer. There is a high demand of antibiotic medicine around the world in developing countries as well as in developed countries. Although this company has its market in different countries, there are more countries where this company can gain its market. So, I have a target to provide medicines for inflectional diseases in new market. Merrem/Meronem (meropenen) is an ultra broad spectrum injectable antibiotic for a wide variety of serious infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. To meet the goals of the company even though it has its market in more than 100 countries, being an international manager of the company I would like to enter into other new market. So, first of all I am going to research the business environment of the country. I have chosen four countries Singapore, Bangladesh, Sri lanka and New Zealand. By doing PEST analysis of these countries I would choose the best one for my new market. PEST ANALYSIS OF FOUR COUNTRIES Countries Political factors Economical factors Socio cultural factors Technological factors Demographic factors Singapore Political condition is stable as there is parliament republic ,English law is accepted Highly developed and free market economy and GDP rate is also higher than other developed countries. Mix of culture and education is the main instrument Excellent transportation, communication system Population is less than other three contries ,total area is 756950sqkm Bangladesh political condition is not stable, Poor economic condition due to recession Different types of languages and religions, health standard is improving Modern communication system and advanced road system 7th highest population in the world Sri lanka republic Developing country, estimated GDP growth rate is 3.5% Various languages and religion, multi ethnic countries Sophisticated transportation communication services Population is estimated 20,238,000 New Zealand Free market economy, can compete globally Modern, Prosperous and high standard of living Rich in culture, different religious Excellent technological factors services Population is 43677000. Source: Wikipedia of all countries According to PEST analysis, I found New Zealand and Singapore are the strong country than Bangladesh and Sri lanka in every aspect. Among these two countries I am going to choose New Zealand for new market for my product. New Zealand is one of the prosperous and high living standard countries. Political environment is stable so there is no difficulty for the businesses. Since 99% of people are educated they are aware about their health and they demand for better healthcare. The average life expectancy is 80 years, as people live longer they suffer from different diseases. 3.0 Market Entry Strategy There are different methods of entering an overseas market. Expansion of business into international market can be done through following mechanisms which are discussed below. Export Joint Venture (franchising, licensing) Foreign Direct Investment Export: It is a traditional and well established method of market entry to foreign markets. This method is less expensive as we dont have to establish new company in other market but have to find distributor for my product. Joint venture: In this type the two or more companies in different countries agree to perform the business and share the profit and bear the losses. Nowadays this method is famous as there is low risk and burden is divided. Joint venture can be done in two ways: licensing and franchising Licensing: It is a wide range of agreements relating to the sale or leasing of industrial or commercial expertise by one party to other in returns for valuable considerations. Franchising: it is a form of licensing by which the franchiser provides a standard package of components or ingredients together with management and marketing services. The franchisee provides capital, market knowledge and personal involvement. Foreign Direct Investment: It is the direct ownership of facilities in the targeted country. It is the 100%investment in that country. It can be done by acquisition of existing company in the targeted country. Advantages and disadvantages of market entry methods Methods Advantages disadvantages Export Less expensive, minimize investment, efficiency as there is speed entry. Limits access to local information and market, transportation cost may be high, risk of exchange rate of currency joint venture Low risk, less investment required, overcomes ownership and cultural distances Conflict between two parties, differences in cultures and management styles Foreign direct investment Greater knowledge of the market, 100% control, gives the company fully protection Higher risk than other methods, lack of managerial skills as well as ,expensive, 4.0 Implementing marketing plan ps Product Price Place promotion .

The Public Diaries :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Public Diaries Your secret loves and hates. Your tearful confessions. Your emotional epiphanies. A diary can be many things, but almost never is it something that's meant to be read by the entire world. Yet, with the availability of cheap, easy access space on the World Wide Web, a growing minority of internet users is laying its lives and loves out for anyone with a web browser to see. Such a paradox might seem like an unlikely basis for a new trend in web browsing, but in the last few years, the Internet has seen a veritable explosion of these "public" diarists. An online diary is simply a website on which the owner posts semiregular narrative about his or her life and thoughts. Just like a paper diary, it can be as fancy or as plain as you like — with JavaScript substituting for quill pens and shabby ten-cent notebooks replaced by geocities.com. Online diary-keeping has experienced huge growth over the past few years, going from only fifty or so journal websites in 1995 to over nine hundred today – and those are just the ones that signal their desire to be known by joining journal webrings or advertising on search engines. Together with diaries that remain "anonymous," and those kept in a language other than English, there might be thousands altogether. What's more, a large and thriving Internet community has sprung up around this community of diarists. You can read interviews with well-known diarists and news about online diaries , join a mailing list dedicated to the discussion of online journal-keeping , register your diary , or join any number of webrings devoted to categories as broad as new diarists (Chapter Two) and as specific as smokers (Smoke Rings). Indeed, the online journal-keeping community is something of a cross-section of society in general, represented by all age groups (though mostly GenXers), both genders, and all personality types. "There is nothing typical about a †¦ diarist," says Zach Garland of Zach’sMind. "The only similarity is they all love to express themselves online†¦ If these people were to meet in real life under completely random circumstances, it is doubtful even a third of them would give the other the time of day." But why would anyone want to keep his or her private diary on the Internet? The answers are as diverse as the diarists themselves. A survey of about fifty diarists conducted by The Mining Company, a company devoted to gathering statistics and information about all aspects of the Web, reveals that fully 50 percent are online because they want to "hone their writing skills.

Prohibition of College Sports Essay

â€Å"On October 16, 1905, shocked by the level of violence in college football, President Roosevelt summoned the Harvard, Yale and Princeton presidents and the football coaches to the White House. † College sports have turned out to be a problem since over the last hundred years and today, although sports have been major entertainment events for students and money-spinner, there are also a lot of problems associated with such events. Several governing bodies regulate the college athletic events including the NCAA, NAIA and the NCJAA. Many of the college sports have become popular on the local, regional and the national scale and they turn out to occupy important places in broadcasting and newspaper coverage. The origin of American college sports dates make to more the 165 years ago. Harvard University was one of the first to get involved in major college sporting activities. During that period college sporting activities was just a pastime, and did not have the associated money, media coverage and the huge sponsoring. Today, American college sports events are facing several problems with online and offline gambling and betting, sponsoring from liquor companies and the swearing and violence that occur at such sporting events. The college sports events actually do not promote education, but makes the students take up wrong paths. Due to these reasons, many people suggest that college sports events should in fact be banned (Mendelson, 2008, Epstein, 2002, Associated Press, 2008, Kancher, 2000, The Associated Press, 2007). Body Legislatures are currently very much concerned about the increasing number of online and offline betting and gambling going on in the realm of college sports. The scale of the racket is so much so that people are shifting from the legal gambling hubs of Nevada to the online betting web sites, which offer much more profit. These illegal web sites would in fact corrupt college sports and cause the students to choose illegal pathways with the gambling companies. McCain came up with a bill in 2000 to ban college sports betting, but his proposal was turned down. However, one of McCain aide’s said â€Å"He’ll continue to look at good opportunities,† meaning that McCain would try another strategy to reduce gambling. Many of the illegal betting companies are picking up deals with the coaches and the sports officials of the colleges. Another huge concern is the use of lottery company advertisements in college sporting events. More than $ 385, 000 has been spent by a lottery company every year on sporting events. Experts feel that permitting lottery company advertisements may in fact cause students to pick up gambling as a habit (Epstein, 2002, & The Associated Press, 2007). Alcohol companies are sponsoring the American college sports events on a large scale. They are turning out to be huge moneymakers as alcohol and beer sells well at college sporting events. Besides, it also encourages fantasy sports events that had often disastrous outcomes at college. Earlier an effort launched by the NCAA committee to ban alcohol ads during sporting events turned out to be disastrous. Today, nothing can be done about the alcohol advertisements that come up during college sporting events. The NCAA has permitted advertisements of liquors that contain less than 6 % of alcohol in them for sporting events. Many of the college sports coaches and officials have urged the NCAA to gradually ban the alcohol advertisements over the next few years. Many of the alcohol advertisements permitted during college sporting events were irresponsible. George Hacker head of CSPI says â€Å"College officials say they want to deter underage and binge drinking, and stop the riots that disrupt campus communities and blot schools’ reputations,†, which can only be possible if the number of advertisements during sports events were reduced. Fantasy games on the other hand would create another league, often damaging the name and reputation of college sport stars and sports teams (CSPI, 2003, & Rivals, 2008, During college sports events, the scenes are turning out to be very ugly due to the occurrences of swearing, passing racist or sexist remarks, physical violence, etc. Fans often taunt opposite team fans and insult opposing team players. In the past, university campus officials have tried to ban the use of remarks and adjectives by the fans, but this has gone unheard. Today obscenity is very common during college sports events. Games are not played in the right spirit. In the past banning college teams that have notorious groups of supporters have also not worked. Hence, an immediate ban on college sporting events has been called for. Boston University Dean feels that sporting events should be held in the right spirit and says â€Å"But standing and shouting obscenities does not have a place. I don’t equate school spirit with the yelling of obscenities. † (Cramer, 2006 & Associated Press, 2007). Conclusion There have also been several other problems facing American college sports. The manner in which the players, officials and the coaches are being treated seem to be a problem. Students being put into sport teams complain of several inconsistencies. The GW Hatchet reports â€Å"The NCAA is investigating an incident involving Bobby Knight, the head coach of Indiana University who allegedly choked a player in practice and showed his feces to players during a halftime speech. † Incidents like these can be very traumatizing and can often lead to unpleasant experiences that should not at all turn up during a college sport event. The very idea of having college sports events is lost. Hence, a total ban on college sports events is called for to ensure that students can ensure full concentration on academics (Kancher, 2000).

Compare and contrast Sheila and Eric with Mr Mrs Birling Essay Example

Compare and contrast Sheila and Eric with Mr Mrs Birling Essay Example Compare and contrast Sheila and Eric with Mr Mrs Birling Paper Compare and contrast Sheila and Eric with Mr Mrs Birling Paper Essay Topic: Literature An Inspector Calls is a play about and inspector that teaches the Birlings and Gerald Croft that the way they treat other people just because they are a lower class than them is not right. This play was written by J. B. Priestley. The play is set in a 1912 dinning room. Priestley does this to show the differences between capitalist and socialist, conservative and labour. Priestley was trying to show his 1945 audience how things had changed since 1912 and also how some things still need to change. The head of the Birling household is Mr Birling. He is a pompous, self-employed, arrogant man that says he is going to get a knighthood. Also he follows the capitalist idea very strongly and even wants his own son Eric to pay money back. You can see his capitalist ideas when he says these people will soon be asking for the earth this shows he doesnt like the working class asking for anything because if they get what they want they would become more like him and other middle classes. Mr Birling started off the chain of events that leads to Eva Smiths death in September 1910 when he fired her from the Birling factory because she went on strike to get more money. This shows him to be a capitalist, another thing that show him to be this is when he says a man needs to look after himself and as if we were mixed up together community and all that nonsense this shows he follows the old ways of classes and thinks people should know ere they belong. When the Inspector questions him he reacts like the Inspector is doing something disgraceful and stays in denial yes, well, we neednt go into all that and still, I cant accept any responsibility show his denial to the suicide and I dont like that tone and a quite unnecessary question shows his feeling towards the inspector and in the fact the inspector is a lower class than him. Mr Birlings daughter, Sheila is a childish, playful and immature person at the start of the play, but towards the end of the play she matures, becomes more serious and takes responsibility for her own actions so Im really responsible this shows how different she is from Mr Birling in the fact she treats people more like a society. When Sheila finds out about Eva Smiths death and sees the photo she runs off because she thought it was all my fault this shows she cares about lower classes unlike Mr Birling who doesnt care about lower classs well being. Sheila contributes to Eva Smiths death by getting Eva fired from Milwards in 1911. she did this because when Sheila tried on a dress she liked, it looked terrible on her, Eva then held the dress up against herself and it looked good on her and this made her give off a little laugh which makes Sheila very angry so she spoke to the manager and got her fired I had her turned out of a job this shows she was like her father before the inspector came. Her reaction to being questioned by the inspector is that she is scared. Also it made her feel upset, distraught, sympathetic and even makes her feel responsible. This is shown in the stage directions miserable and distressed. This just shows how much she changes from the inspectors visit. At the beginning of the play Mrs Birling is described as an upper class snob that believes herself to be better than everyone else. Mrs Birling, the wife of Mr Birling is also a capitalist and a strong believer in the different classes. Mrs Birlings reactions to the inspectors show is that she was defensive and if I was, what business is it of yours? this shows she doesnt like the inspector questioning her as he is a lower class than her. She was also rude girls of that class.. showing she is snobby and just like Mr Birling. Unlike Sheila she doesnt take responsibility for Evas death I dont think we need to discuss it this helps to show us the differences between the younger and older generation of the family. Mrs Birling is the chairman of the womens committee and this is how she plays a part of Eva Smiths death. Eva who was pretending her name was Daisy go to the committee to try and get some money as she was pregnant, but she said her name was Mrs Birling and this annoyed the real Mrs Birling and used her power to have her request denied. Eric just like his sister accepts responsibility for his part in Eva Smiths death showing again that the younger generation is learning more than the older. Erics involvement in Evas death starts with how much he drinks, he is described as squiffy showing he drinks a lot and is an alcoholic. While on one of his night drinking he meets Eva and gets her pregnant. This links to how Mrs Birling is involved. This helps Mrs b realise whats going on around her as she normally ignores it but I didnt know it was you I never dreamt this shows how much the children are ignored and get up to things they shouldnt. Eric also tried to give Eva some stolen money but she wouldnt accept it as it was stolen. Eric shows his socialist values when he finds out Eva was pregnant with his child and now they were both dead, he starts to take responsibility for what he has done. He also blames his parents for her death you killed them both damn you, damn you speaking to Mrs B and condemning her as she denied helping Eva and his child. In the inspectors final speech, he says there are millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths this is the inspector way of saying there are a lot of working class people and they have feelings too. He also says we are responsible for each other showing his support for socialism, this is when people look after each other as we are all the same, and how he doesnt follow the class system. Inspector Goole appears to have a power to predict the future they will learn it in fire and blood and anguish showing the inspector knowing that world war one was going to happen and saying the complete opposite of what Mr Birling said earlier on in the play before the inspector came in. At the end of the play, Sheila and Eric have changed the most, they became more socialist and believe that people are important and we should be all treated the same weather were rich or poor. They feel that they are just like Eva Smith as she is young as well and the only difference is she had less money and the way they were brought up. This shows us that the younger generation are learning and that the future is going to change. Mr and Mrs Birling havent changed as they are to selfish and stubborn in there ways to change what they think is right. All they think about is money and even make sure there kids pay back all there money, like when Mr Birling says Eric has to pay every penny of the fifty pound he stole from his office. Because of the capitalist ways of thinking they believe they control the working class. People now can learn from this because we still have some capitalist ways today where in some places men get paid more than women and how we still need to respect each other, still need to put people first and that people are more important than money. People need to be treated fairly and equally to make sure we live in harmony. J. B. Priestley wrote this play to try and get rid of the class system as he thought it was wrong and to try and get people to vote labour as they believe in socialism and treating people equally if they have more money or not.

Current Situation Essay Essays

Current Situation Essay Essays Current Situation Essay Essay Current Situation Essay Essay Tien Tzuo was the main scheme officer at Salesforce. com and K. V. Rao was caput of strategic selling and concern development at WebEx. Both Tien Tzuo and K. V. Rao worked on constructing their several charge solutions that was a large barrier to many SaaS companies. Once realized that this is a immense unaddressed job for SaaS companies. they saw this an chance to work this new e-commerce niche in the SaaS Industry. therefore making Zuora. Cheng Zhou. the caput of Bliss joined them and they were able to obtain $ 6. 5 million start-up investing from Benchmark. a venture capital company. and Benioff. Tien Tzuo’s former foreman. the laminitis of Salesforce. com Analysis of Zuora Inc as a concern Tien Tzuo and K. V. Rao founded Zuora to turn to the demand for charging efficiency. They are cognizant that there’s an addition in merchandises being offered as a subscription service ( i. e. Netflix offering a monthly subscription for a library of shows and films. Zipcar offering a wage as-you-go public-service corporation that eliminates the demand to purchase autos etc ) . Their vision is to supply an e-commerce platform that provides a low-priced. state-of-the-art and extremely efficient charging systems. Before the launch of their charge faculty. they tested their plan to 5 alpha clients. Their feedback caused Zuora to make a payment faculty that handles payments. and signed a partnership contract with PayPal. With their launch in October 2008. their Z-billing merchandise sold to over 70 clients. In January 2010. Zuora released another merchandise. Z-commerce. a charge platform aimed towards cloud developers What is incorrect? Zuora presently faces the undermentioned menaces:The rise of Cloud ComputingOffline Subscription of Zuora’s current services offered by their rivals such as AT A ; T or ZipcarGiven the changeless alteration in the market kineticss of the engineering industry. Zuora must be able to ‘quick think’ of chances in order to beef up its current place as a major participant in the SaaS Industry What is the impact? The rise of Cloud ComputingoZuora shouldn’t be believing of Cloud Computing as a menace merely because the IT industry had non yet clearly defined what function cloud computer science will play. oCloud Computing is really advantageous to Zuora because all cloud services needed a charge and payment solutions and Zuora. with its state-of-the-art. extremely efficient and low-priced charge platform. can distinguish itself with the remainder in the Saas Industry by uniting its platform with cloud calculating Offline Subscription offered by AT A ; T or Zipcar oWith the offline subscription offered by AT A ; T or Zipcar. they still present a disadvantage because pricing for services was more complicated than pricing for merchandises particularly when clip dimension was introduced. Therefore. with offline subscription of charge and payment. presenting a new pricing for subscription systems could take every bit long as 6 to 12 months and cost 100s of 1000s of dollars The changeless alteration in the market kineticss of engineering industry